In today’s
world technology has advanced to a great level. Various fertility problems are
being handled with ease due to these advancements. In vitro fertilisation or
IVF is one of the most commonly used means to conceive a child for couples with
fertility problems. It is one of the assisted reproductive technologies which
have the highest rate of success. IVF uses the basic principles of natural
conception and helps women overcome the obstacles inhibiting conception.
Natural conception
The
fertilisation naturally takes place in the fallopian tube of the female. The
fallopian tube- must catch the oocytes when the ovary releases it, provide a
good environment for the fertilisation to occur and transfer the embryo
effectively for the implantation to take place. If any of these functions are
not carried out properly, conception might not happen. Then IVF is used to
conceive a child.
IVF
IVF has
three main principles- egg removal, fertilisation in laboratory and placement
of embryo in the womb. The entire process is done by the following steps:
1.
Ovarian Stimulation and Egg
Retrieval- In this
step, various fertility medications are injected into the
woman’s body to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs at once. Then
these eggs are retrieved with the use of a hollow needle guided by ultrasound.
2.
Fertilisation and ICSI- Fertilisation takes place in a
laboratory. Sperm are added to a dish containing the eggs and get fertilised.
But for severe sperm infertility intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection is used to
fertilise the eggs by injection a single sperm into each of the eggs.
3.
Embryo Transfer- The embryo transfer takes place
after culturing it for a few days. Then a tubal transfer is done. The embryo
follows the natural course and gets implanted. Doctors provide progesterone
supplements after the transfer is made during the luteal phase to increase the
chances of implantation.
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