Those searching on information on IVF procedures are likely to come across PGS and PGD. They are genetic testing types that are performed upon embryo cells within the embryology lab. However, they come with different screen and purposes, meant for various types of genetic problems. Both the types are not required for those undergoing fertility treatments. However, in few cases, PGD and PGS might assist the reproductive endocrinologist to identify healthy embryos to be implanted in the uterus during the IVF procedure.
About PGD
PGD stands for Preimplantation genetic diagnosis. It is another genetic screening type to identify genes presence for specific diseases. Such tests are crucial if any of the partners have genetic disease history in their family. It is necessary to ensure that it is not passed on to the child. In few, cases, the person might be a carrier of this disease without being affected by it personally.
This test is conducted for:
- Genes translocation that might otherwise cause mental retardation, birth defects or miscarriage.
- Marfan syndrome
- Huntington disease
- Abnormalities in chromosome numbers
- Genetic diseases that is carried on X chromosome like Duchenne muscular dystrophy or haemophilia
About PGS
It stands for Preimplantation genetic screening. It is a genetic screening type that determines if cells in the embryo are in accurate chromosome numbers. There are 23 chromosome pairs in humans. The common reasons for embryos failure to implant as well as miscarriage is due to chromosomal abnormalities like excess or very less chromosomes. It is found mostly with the woman’s eggs getting older. However, specific disease is not tested by PGS. Presence of additional chromosome 21 is caused by Down syndrome and it can be detected by PGS.
PGS may be recommended by the fertility specialist if the person is undergoing IVF treatment with own eggs or is 35+ age or has experienced recurrent miscarriages.
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